Breastmilk is a complex biological system that provides perfect nutrition, active immune protection, and beneficial bacteria. Its composition changes in three distinct phases:

• Colostrum (Days 1-7): Known as "liquid gold," this thick, yellow milk is highly concentrated with nutrients and antibodies. Its small volume matches your newborn's tiny stomach, and it acts as a natural laxative to help your baby pass their first stool (meconium).
• Transitional Milk (Days 7-15): The volume increases as your milk "comes in." The composition changes to meet your growing baby's needs, and the color becomes whiter as the fat content increases.
• Mature Milk (4+ weeks): This is the ongoing supply of milk, which has a perfect balance of nutrients like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates tailored for human babies.

Breastmilk contains living components that formula cannot replicate, such as antibodies, living white blood cells, and stem cells that actively support your baby's immune system and development.

The first few feeds are crucial for establishing a good routine. Aim for skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth and start breastfeeding within the first hour if possible.

Positioning and Latch

A proper latch is essential for effective feeding and to prevent nipple pain. Here are the golden rules:

• Bring your baby to your breast, not the breast to your baby. This helps you maintain a comfortable position.
• Ensure "tummy-to-tummy" positioning. Your baby's entire body should be facing you.
• Wait for a wide mouth. When your baby opens their mouth wide, guide them to the breast, ensuring their mouth covers most of the areola, not just the nipple.

Common positions include the Cross-Cradle Hold for better control with newborns, the Laid-Back Position for a more relaxed and natural approach, and the Football Hold, which can be great after a C-section.

Recognizing Effective Feeding

You'll know your baby is feeding well if you hear them rhythmically sucking and swallowing, see their jaw moving, and feel that your breast is softer after a feed. A baby who is getting enough milk will also have at least six wet diapers per day after the first week. For newborns, a normal feeding pattern is 8-12 feeds per 24 hours.

Many breastfeeding challenges are normal and can be solved with the right support.

• Sore Nipples: This is usually a sign of a poor latch. Correcting your baby's latch with the help of a lactation consultant can make a huge difference.
• Low Milk Supply: This is often a perceived issue rather than a real one. To increase your supply, you can try more frequent feeding and ensure you get adequate rest and hydration.
• Engorgement: This can be managed with frequent feeding, cold compresses, and gentle massage to help relieve discomfort.